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This is of special advantage for electrical and magnetic probes, where coatings enlarge the tip dimensions and hence worsen the tip’s performance. 12. The magnetic coating is then deposited on the thin side of the tip plane, thus producing a magnetic sensor with extremely small lateral dimensions and hence suitable to perform high-resolution magnetic force microscopy. (a) (b) s < 50 nm tip plane Magnetization, M cantilever Magnetization, Mz h > 2µm MFM tip tip plane b < 50 nm magnetic coating Cantilever Tip plane 5 µm from van den Bos, et al.
7 Resonance curves of a driven oscillator. The graphs show the dependence of the vibration amplitude and phase of a vibrating oscillator as a function of the driving frequency. The resonance occurs when ω = ω0. At this frequency, the amplitude reaches a maximum and the phase is equal to π/2. The width of the resonance, Δω, is another characteristic parameter of the resonator, which is inversely proportional to the Q factor of the resonator. 11) Oscillators that exhibit sharp resonances have very high Q factors.
Hysteresis Hysteresis is a feature that piezoelectric materials share with magnetic materials when they are subjected to a voltage cycle. As the voltage increases linearly from zero to a certain value and returns to zero in the same fashion, the actuator first elongates and then contracts. However, the position of the actuator during elongation does not coincide with that experienced during contraction. 4 shows the change of length of the piezo actuator as a function of increasing and decreasing voltage: It follows two different paths.