By Arvind Kumar Misra
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Additional resources for Fundamentals of Cell and Molecular Genetics
Sample text
In group II introns, the 2‟OH group of internal branch site A nucleotide attacks 5‟ exon-intron junction forming a lariat structure by forming an unusual 5‟-2‟ bond. In the second transesterification reaction, 3‟-OH group of 5‟ exon attacks the 3‟ exon-intron junction. The intron is released as a lariat and is subsequently digested. 5: Self splicing in group I and group II introns. Some self splicing introns contain genes for endonucleases that assist in insertion of the intron at other sites. This class of endonucleases is called as the homing endonucleases.
It is during this period that the cell synthesizes the machinery for replication as well as all the four nucleoside triphosphates, building blocks of the DNA. The biosynthesis of ribose nucleoside triphosphates or ribonucleotides occurs routinely in the cell. Pyrimidine ribonucleotides are synthesized through orotic acid pathway. The precise Structure and Synthesis of Nucleic Acids 19 pathway for the synthesis of purine ribonucleotides is not fully understood. For example, it is thought that in plants the pyrimidine nucleotides are synthesized in the plastids and the purine nucleotides are synthesized in the cytosol.
18). 18: Rho independent terminator in at the site of termination, attenuated termination E. coli. It is also called as intrinsic terminator. may occur prior to completion of transcription as part of a regulatory mechanism. As we shall see later, in such cases also internal structure of the transcribed RNA plays a significant role in termination. 2 Transcription in eukaryotes The basic mechanism of transcription in eukaryotes is similar to that of prokaryotes. Unlike the prokaryotes, the sites of transcription and translation are separated by the nuclear membrane.