By National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Life Sciences, Committee on Review of the Department of Energy's Genomics: GTL Program
The USA division of strength (DOE) promotes clinical and technological innovation to develop the nationwide, fiscal, and effort protection of the USA. spotting the opportunity of microorganisms to provide new power choices and remediate environmental illness, DOE initiated the Genomes to existence application, now referred to as Genomics: GTL, in 2000. this system goals to boost a predictive realizing of microbial platforms that may be used to engineer platforms for bioenergy creation and environmental remediation, and to appreciate carbon biking and sequestration.This record offers an overview of this system and its infrastructure plan. total, the record reveals that GTL's learn has ended in and supplies to convey many extra medical developments that give a contribution to the fulfillment of DOE's ambitions. even though, the DOE's present plan for development 4 autonomous amenities for protein creation, molecular imaging, proteome research, and platforms biology sequentially will not be the main low-budget, effective, and scientifically optimum technique to offer this infrastructure. in its place, the record indicates developing as much as 4 institute-like amenities, every one of which integrates the features of all 4 of the initially deliberate facility forms and makes a speciality of one or of DOE's project targets. the choice infrastructure plan may have an extremely excessive ratio of clinical gain to price as the desire for know-how may be without delay tied to the biology targets of this system.
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Extra resources for Review of the Department of Energy's Genomics: GTL Program
Sample text
The Genomics: GTL program can play an important role in increasing understanding of the structure and functions of genes associated with degradation of polysaccharides by those microorganisms. It can also contribute to the discovery of new polysaccharide-degrading enzymes by prospecting for novel 28 REVIEW OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY’S GENOMICS: GTL PROGRAM microorganisms in exotic environments. For example, termites degrade polysaccharides. Bacteria that live in a termite’s hindgut break down plant matter and release hydrogen as a byproduct.
DOE has also sequenced several species of ocean carbon-sequestering phytoplankton, such as the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana and the cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus. Diatoms account for about 20 percent of global carbon fixation, and the genome sequence of T. , 2004; DeLong and Karl, 2005). Many scientists believe that Prochlorococcus constitutes the most abundant photosynthetic organisms on Earth. Understanding those organisms’ roles in global carbon cycles is central to the issue of carbon sequestration.
As articulated in the Genomics: GTL roadmap, the Genomics: GTL program enables three key modeling scenarios: microorganism-mineral interactions and resulting molecular structure and charge transfer, microbial-community responses (for example signaling, motility, and biofilm formation), and ensuing community functionality. There is a growing awareness in the systems biology research community that mathematical modeling is an essential tool for exploring those elements because it provides a framework for 36 REVIEW OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY’S GENOMICS: GTL PROGRAM BOX 2-1 Radiation-Resistant Deinococcus The ionizing radiation-resistant microorganism Deinococcus radiodurans, a strain of which was isolated from a radioactive sediment beneath a leaking waste tank on DOE’s Hanford site in Washington state, has remarkable capacity for resisting environmental stresses, such as radiation and desiccation, and can transform contaminants, such as chromate, to less mobile and hazardous forms.