By M. Schiller
PVC differs within the stabilization of different commodity plastics. there are lots of steel compounds which are compatible for the stabilization of PVC, corresponding to lead, tin, calcium, magnesium, zinc, infrequent earths, and likewise virtually metal-free platforms. those transformations are defined with their benefits, probabilities, and difficulties from the point of view of the chemist yet processed for revenues reps and technicians. various tables and figures are valuable for having a look up buildings and physico-chemical info. This publication specializes in sustainability and indicates that PVC has the easiest capability to become an absolutely sustainable fabric.
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Extra info for PVC Additives: Performance, Chemistry, Developments, and Sustainability
Example text
In combination with cadmium- or zinc-containing stabilizers, the thermostability is significantly improved. 10 shows that, at a constant level of zinc laurate, long-term thermostability improves with increasing amounts of dipentaerythritol. If zinc laurate is increased, at a constant dipentaerythritol level, the long-term thermostability decreases. 10 shows that an increase of dipentaerythritol has only a small influence on the initial color, whereas increased dosage of the zinc soap gives a marked improvement of initial color.
2 Antioxidants Antioxidants are needed for many plastics, especially polyolefins. 2 that the degradation occurring during PVC processing can proceed either via ionic or radical pathways. These are initiated either by strong shearing action or thermal stress. This principle applies to rigid and flexible PVC. 33 1 PVC Stabilizers Because of this, most manufacturers of PVC already add an antioxidant as a prestabilizer to the PVC powder. Whether one needs to add further antioxidants for rigid PVC processing should be tested on a case-by-case basis.
Yellow lead oxide (PbO, litharge) was utilized as a stabilizer for cables many years ago. (This expression litharge can cause confusion. Litharge is the common name for red lead oxide but it is often used for commercially available lead oxides consisting mainly of the yellow modification. The correct scientific nomenclature for the yellow, orthorhombic lead oxide is massicot. ) The high reactivity with hydrochloric acid is counterbalanced by several disadvantages. The inherent yellow is difficult to mask.