By Jean-Francois Allemand, Pierre Desbiolles
Do you regularly lose your keys? you'll find during this publication the simplest technique to locate them, or a minimum of the single deduced from statistical physics. what's the hyperlink with biology? a few proteins use an identical technique to locate their goal inside of a residing mobile. this instance illustrates one of many many hyperlinks among physics and biology. those hyperlinks outcome from an excessive examine task long ago years on the interface among these disciplines. This publication describes one of the most fresh progresses at this interface: from instrumental progresses utilized in biology to the mechanical description of a cellphone, to molecular automobiles, from mind job mechanisms to auditory or sensory belief. Many fields are lined from the molecular to the dimensions on the organ point. a couple of organic notions are provided within the first bankruptcy which may aid to entry the organic facets of the others. in spite of everything this publication may possibly curiosity humans passionate in technology, from the easy novice to the complicated researcher level.
Readership: complex undergraduates and graduate or any individual with a robust medical heritage interested in the physics/biology interface.
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Extra resources for Physics and Biology : From Molecules to Life
Sample text
When observing many molecules at a time, photodestruction results in gradual decrease of fluorescence due to the destruction at each instant of a small fraction of the active molecules. 5in PHYSICS AND BIOLOGY: FROM MOLECULES TO LIFE b1845-ch02 page 35 35 was awarded in 2008 to S. Imamura, M. Chalfie and R. Tsien. The first and most famous of these proteins is GFP (Green fluorescent protein), a protein originally discovered and isolated in jellyfish Aequorea victoria [2]. It consists of 238 amino acids arranged in a structure having the shape of a small barrel.
Just as it is simpler to observe stars at night than during daytime, the sensitivity of fluorescence measurements is largely increased by the fact that detection occurs on a dark background. A fluorescence microscope can be schematically separated into two parts: (i) an excitation path by which the light from the source is sent onto the sample, (ii) an emission path by which fluorescence photons are sent from the sample onto the detector. These two paths are combined thanks to a dichroic mirror placed between the objective and the tube lens, which reflects the excitation light and transmits the fluorescence emission.
5 nm. Although this range might seem very restricted, it is well adapted to the size of molecular structures. Moreover, in most cases, energy transfer measurements are used not as distance measurements but rather as a binary signal reflecting the proximity, or not, of two molecular partners. In biology, there are many applications of energy transfer measurements [5]. When the donor and acceptor molecules are bound to different molecular species, it is possible to study their interactions in the context of a living sample.