By Nico M. van Straalen, Dick Roelofs
This e-book features a multitude of contemporary examples from microbiology, plant technology, and zoology, drawing jointly scattered literature within the first synthesis of the recent and intriguing box of ecological genomics. it is going to be of specific curiosity to senior undergraduate and graduate point scholars, in addition to researchers within the fields of ecology, evolutionary biology, genetics and molecular biology.
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Additional info for Introduction to Ecological Genomics
Sample text
The genomic revolution has opened up new prospects for QTL mapping by using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; Borevitz and Nordberg 2003). 1). SNPs are contrasted with other types of genetic variation, such as insertions/deletions and duplications. SNPs and insertions/deletions constitute the predominant source of variation in a population. Depending on the species, there is an SNP every 50 (in Drosophila) to every 1000 (in humans) base pairs in the genome. 7 Map-based isolation of the EDI QTL in A.
Type e molecules are formed only if the sequence is upregulated in the tester sample compared to the driver sample. Type b molecules are not amplified due to panhandle formation. After Diatchenko et al. (1996) by permission of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. procedure can also be done in an up-scaled manner using microarrays. Rebrikov et al. (2002) revealed a novel, extrachromosomal, virus-like element in the asexual flatworm strain. A critical factor for the success of SSH screening lies with the expression ratio between two treatments.
Codon bias. Not all ORFs in the genome are actually transcribed. A pseudogene is a gene that bears resemblance to a functional gene but contains defects such as frameshift or nonsense mutations. 1). Most pseudogenes are not transcribed; some of them are, but 33 do not lead to functional peptides. Whether a gene is transcribed actively can sometimes be judged from codon-usage bias. This term refers to the fact that although for most amino acids two or more codons are available in the genetic code, some codons occur much more frequently than others.