By Naoyuki Taniguchi, Koichi Honke, Minoru Fukuda
This guide, now in a brand new, moment version, is an important source for scientists with an curiosity within the function of glycosyltransferases and similar genes occupied with the biosynthesis of glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans.
The first variation of the Handbook of Glycosyltransferases and similar Genes, released in 2002, contained descriptions of greater than a hundred mammalian genes by means of over a hundred scientists who initially remoted and/or cloned those genes. given that then, there was a growing to be physique of proof in regards to the roles of glycosyltransferases, and extra glycosyltransferases were pointed out. Now greater than 2 hundred glycosyltransferases were remoted from mammalian tissue, resembling nearly 1–2% of the complete human genome. a few were discovered to be interested in improvement and replica, sign transduction, telephone dying, larger frightened functioning, immunity, and different vital organic methods. Glycosyltransferases have additionally been implicated within the improvement of way of life illnesses resembling diabetes, melanoma, continual obstructive lung illness (COPD), neuromuscular illnesses, and infectious ailments.
A sensible glycomics method utilizing gene concentrating on in mice and analytical tools using glycan arrays, lectin arrays, HPLC, and mass spectrometry pointed out the objective glycoprotein(s) on which glycans are connected via the catalytic response of glycosyltransferases. lots of the goal proteins were proven to be cellphone floor membrane proteins similar to progress issue receptors and transporters. The third-dimensional constructions of a few glycosyltransferases have additionally been characterised, making it attainable to categorise them into maintaining and inverting enzymes. Such structural info can also be integrated during this worthy new edition.
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Extra info for Handbook of Glycosyltransferases and Related Genes
Example text
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 19 19 21 21 24 24 24 24 25 26 26 27 27 28 Introduction: The Glycoprotein Folding Quality Control Almost one-third of proteins synthesized by eukaryotic cells belong to the secretory pathway, entering the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) either co- or posttranslationally. In the ER, proteins acquire their native tertiary fold, disulfide bonds are formed, and in some cases, they assemble into oligomeric structures.
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4 5 5 6 7 7 7 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 11 Introduction Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) occur in most of all cell membranes of vertebrates and lower animals, as well as in plants. They are major component in lipid microdomains or lipid rafts to play important roles in a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Glucosylceramide (GlcCer) is a key precursor lipid for the synthesis of over 400 GSLs with different sugar chain structures (Fig.
Future Perspectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cross-References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GalCer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ganglio Series .