Genetics by Ahluwalia, Karvita B.

By Ahluwalia, Karvita B.

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The heterozygous seedlings are light green in colour and able to survive. Ii Ii Short tail Short tail II embryo aborts Ii Ii 2 Short tail ii 1 normal tail Fig. 4 Inheritance of the lethal gene for brachyury in mouse. In all the cases of dominant lethal genes described above, the homozygous state of the gene leads to early death, whereas the heterozygote is viable. Perhaps the most serious effect a gene can have is to cause death even in the heterozygous state. The gene causing Huntington’s chorea in man expresses itself when a single dominant allele is present.

In persons of blood type A, having gene IA, precursor H gets converted into antigen A under control of gene IA. Similarly when gene IB is present, H gets converted to antigen B. In the presence of the recessive allele i in type O persons, precursor H is not converted and remains as such in the blood. It can be agglutinated by anti-H or by such substances as an extract of the seeds of a plant Ulex europeus or blood of eel. In persons of heterozygous blood groups such as IA/i or IB/i only part of the H substance which is unconverted is agglutinated.

The gene that suppresses is said to be epistatic, and the gene which remains obscure is hypostatic. Dominant Epistasis In poultry white birds belong to two different varieties namely white leghorns or white wyandottes. Experiments reveal that the gene for white plumage of white leghorns is dominant over the gene for coloured plumage of coloured varieties. But the gene for white plumage of white wyandottes is recessive to the gene for coloured plumage of coloured varieties. Therefore the gene which produces white plumage in white leghorns is different from the gene for white plumage in white wyandottes.

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