By Darren Shickle (auth.), Ruth Chadwick, Darren Shickle, Henk Ten Have, Urban Wiesing (eds.)
This choice of essays represents the paintings produced during a three-year venture funded via the fee of the ecu groups less than the Biomed I programme, at the ethics of genetic screening, entitled 'Genetic screening: moral and philosophical views, with targeted connection with multifactorial diseases'. the fast identify of the venture was once Euroscreen, thereafter often called Euroscreen I, within the gentle of the truth that a moment venture on genetic screening used to be to that end funded. The undertaking was once multinational and multidisciplinary, and had as its pursuits to check the character and quantity of genetic screening programmes in several ecu international locations; to examine the social coverage reaction to those advancements in numerous nations; and to discover the applicability of normative moral frameworks to the problems. The undertaking was once led by way of a center workforce who had oversight of the venture and contributors of that have acted as editors for this quantity. Darren Shickle edited the 1st part; Henk ten Have the second one; Ruth Chadwick and concrete Wiesing the 3rd and ultimate half. the quantity opens with an summary of genetic screening and the rules to be had for addressing advancements within the box, with particular connection with the Wilson and Jungner ideas on screening. the 1st of the 3 significant sections thereafter comprises papers at the state-of-the-art in several nations, including a few research of social context and policy.
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Additional info for The Ethics of Genetic Screening
Sample text
Validation of screening procedures', Br Med Bull, 27, 1, pp. 3-8. , 1984. ). Antenatal and Neonatal Screening, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Department of Health Economics and Operational Research Division, 1994. Register of CostEffectiveness Studies, Department of Health Economics and Operational Research Division. , Farriaux, J-P,. , 1991. 'Economic Evaluation of Cost-Benefit Ratio of Neonatal Screening Procedure for Phenylketonuria and Hypothyroidism', Journal of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, 14, pp.
Using utilitarian principles, the net utility or disutility for society arising from an intervention is equivalent to the sum of the change in utility to its individual members. However, the sum of trivial disutility for the many may exceed the large utility gain for the few. The contrast in conclusion between suitability (for a population) and acceptability (to the individual) can be problematic when devising public policy if both perspectives are considered. For example a National Institutes of Health Consensus Panel recognised that 18 DARREN SHICKLE there was insufficient evidence of effectiveness to recommend mammography screening for 40-50 year olds, but nevertheless recommended that women in this age range should be permitted to have mammography if they requested screening ( 1997).
Seventeen percent of these patients offered passive opportunistic screening were tested. However, if patients in the waiting area were approached by a member of the research team, told about the test personally, and invited to undergo testing at that time, the uptake rate was significantly higher (70% ). Bekker et al. suggested that their research had implications for the degree of consent obtained for screening and the level of enthusiasm for screening: Our study does not allow us to assess the degree to which those who respond to a personal approach are motivated by a desire for carrier status information, willingness to accept advice from a health professional provided that it does not entail too much inconvenience, or unwillingness to 1.