Migration and National Identity in South Africa, 1860-2010 by Professor Audie Klotz

By Professor Audie Klotz

A rare outbreak of xenophobic violence in could 2008 stunned South Africa, yet hostility towards novices has an extended heritage. Democratization has channeled such discontent right into a non-racial nationalism that in particular pursuits overseas Africans as a chance to prosperity. discovering appropriate governmental and societal responses calls for a greater knowing of the advanced legacies of segregation that underpin present immigration regulations and practices. regrettably, traditional wisdoms of course dependency advertise over the top fatalism and forget about how a lot South Africa is a regular settler nation. A century in the past, its coverage makers shared cutting edge rules with Australia and Canada, and those friends, which now overtly strive against with their very own racist prior, advantage renewed cognizance. As unpalatable because the comparability should be to modern advocates of multiculturalism, rethinking regulations in South Africa may also provide classes for reconciling competing claims of indigeneity via a number of degrees of illustration and rights.

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13 To narrow these down, I use macro-historical comparisons. In light of their recurring presence in the historical record, Australia and Canada, as fellow former Dominions in the British Empire, provide especially relevant empirical evidence of what alternative paths might be and thus bolster a sense of contingency. This macro-historical orientation (the scope of which I expand further in Chapter 5) is inherently more structural than the micro-level perspectives that dominate current debate in South Africa, in which interventions (including the anti-xenophobia campaign) tend to focus either on political attitudes or everyday life experiences.

47 Although these activities are significant, I conclude in Chapter 4 that their impact will remain limited due to the absence of crucial coalition partners. This assessment raises tough questions about how to build a broader counterforce against xenophobic violence, but the limited ability of rights-based challengers to create a new path is only one half of my explanation. The other half must be a convincing characterization of the status quo. Which institutions or practices remain in place, despite a new legal order, and why?

Immigration policy has indeed been difficult to transform, but not for the lack of trying. That path-breaking change is unlikely but not impossible is a point especially appreciated in post-apartheid South Africa. 8 Subsequently, the 6 7 8 The points system has come under persistent criticism for informally discriminating, for instance because of economic or other inequalities that privilege certain groups or characteristics; for examples, see Freda Hawkins, Critical Years in Immigration: Canada and Australia Compared (Montreal/Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1989), p.

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