By Mario J. Azevedo
This e-book examines the old and present nation of overall healthiness and the health and wellbeing of the African humans, together with the Arab North, impacted by way of such components as geography and usual components, cultural and colonial traditions, and competing biomedical and standard structures. It additionally appears to be like at technological advances, poverty and overall healthiness disparities, usage of assets, and overseas presence, as mirrored by means of the paintings of the area future health association, and structural alterations imposed via the IMF and the area Bank.
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Extra resources for Historical Perspectives on the State of Health and Health Systems in Africa, Volume I: The Pre-Colonial and Colonial Eras
Sample text
Public health will necessarily involve, as Battams elaborates, Health public legislation and policy [or binding guidelines handed down by a ccepted authorities, such as a king, traditional medical practitioners, and specially experienced and trained healers as is the case in Africa]; intersectoral action [as conduct safeguards imposed by merchants and rulers when caravans encountered an epidemic outbreak during their journeys]; community participation [as happened when the village chief in Africa would ask people to limit contact with an infected person or attend meetingsto stamp out disease, invariably focusing on the safety of the community rather than the individual, which, at times, even proscribed sexual intercourse]; and promotion of a physical, economic, and social environment conducive to health [such as an ordinance from the king asking the populace to move to an area not infested with mosquitoes carrying disease parasites, to quarantine cattle, and to pray for the eradication of pestilence and disease].
AZEVEDO under-nutrition. Basic curative care focusing on maternal and child health, a referral system, and provision of community health workers 5. Endemic disease control and epidemic preparedness, which must include surveillance, research protocols, prevention policies, identification of sources of needed vaccines, and partnerships and collaboration with epidemiologists. In this author’s research study of Mozambique refugees in Southern Africa during the country’s civil war (1977–1992), many of these strategies were either absent or weakly deployed in the refugee camps and in the country itself regarding the internally displaced (Azevedo 2005).
Finally, the problem with nutrition as a field of health in Africa, in particular, is that it requires continuous studies, laboratory research, and careful collection and analysis of accurate data for assessment and evaluation of outcomes. Also needed is a specific focus and scope so as not to interfere with other fields or disciplines, financial resources, a specially trained and sufficient workforce, and community leaders’ participation if any major interventions are to work properly. Such type of leadership is only in its infancy in Africa.