By A. G. G. M. Tielens
Emphasizing microscopic actual and chemical strategies in area, and their impact at the macroscopic constitution of the interstellar medium of galaxies, this ebook comprises the newest advancements in a thrilling quarter of molecular astrophysics. New house and ground-based observational possibilities have led to major additions to our wisdom of the molecular universe in recent times. This finished assessment could be a useful reference resource for undergraduates, graduates and researchers.
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Additional resources for The Physics and Chemistry of the Interstellar Medium
Example text
1 The energy level diagram of hydrogen. The principal quantum number, n, increases upwards (for clarity only the lower ones are labeled). The orbital angular momentum number, , increases rightwards and only the first few are shown. They are labeled s, p, d, f. The arrows indicate some allowed transitions. (a) The Lyman through transitions are indicated. (b) The transitions between the lowest levels are indicated. Note that the 2s level is metastable. (n = 3), Brackett (n = 4), Pfund (n = 5), and Humphreys (n = 6).
Kennicutt, 2001, in Tetons 4: Galactic Structure, Stars and the Interstellar Medium, ed. C. E. Woodward, M. D. Bicay, and J. M. Shull (San Francisco: ASP), p. 2 2 Gas cooling In this chapter, we will examine the various line cooling processes of interstellar gas. Together with the heating processes, which are discussed in the next chapter, this will allow us to solve the energy balance for the gas in a wide variety of environments. 3). 1). 3). A two-level system analysis is a powerful tool for understanding the details of gas emission processes and we will encounter this many times in subsequent chapters.
Thus, the energy levels of H2 divide out into two separate ladders with even or odd J , which are not connected by radiative transitions. , parallel nuclear spins). Then, owing to nuclear spin statistics (gS = 2S + 1), the ortho levels have three times the statistical weight of the para levels. Symmetric top molecules For a non-linear molecule, the rotational energy will depend on the axis of rotation. Two of the moments of inertia are equal – usually by symmetry – in a symmetric top molecule. For a prolate symmetric top, IA < IB = IC (a cigar shape) and for an oblate symmetric top, IA = IB < IC (a disk shape) with Ii the respective moments of inertia.