By Thomas G. Honegger, Monika Füglister (auth.), Hitoshi Sawada Ph.D., Hideyoshi Yokosawa Ph.D., Charles C. Lambert Ph.D. (eds.)
Ascidians are the invertebrate workforce that gave upward push to vertebrates, hence the biology of ascidians offers an important key to realizing either invertebrates and vertebrates. This e-book is the 1st to hide all components of ascidian biology, together with improvement, evolution, biologically lively ingredients, heavy steel accumulation, asexual replica, host-defense mechanisms, allorecognition mechanisms, comparative immunology, neuroscience, taxonomy, ecology, genome technology, and meals technological know-how. The sixty nine articles that make up the gathering have been contributed via prime ascidiologists from around the world who participated within the First foreign Symposium at the Biology of Ascidians, held in June 2000 in Sapporo, Japan. For scientists and scholars alike, the publication is a useful resource of knowledge from the newest, such a lot finished reviews of ascidian biology.
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Similarly, sperm from A. nigra and Phallusia julinea can cause glycosidase release from A. sydneiensis eggs and A nigra, and A sydeneiensis sperm can cause glycosidase release from Phallusiajulinea eggs. Motile sperm from an oyster did not induce glycosidase release. Thus the block to polyspermy involves an interaction between sperm and egg that is not nearly as specific as fertilization. Prior Insemination by Heterologous Sperm Reduces Fertilization Competency by Homologous Sperrn That heterologous sperm could cause release of the glycosidase responsible for the early block to polyspermy suggested that sperm from one species might be capable of sabotaging the fertilization of another species' eggs.
However, incubation of acid-treated eggs with acid extracts did not restore the SS so far as we tried. Interestingly, De Santis and her colleagues established a similar system in C. intestinalis using ovarian eggs, that are self-fertile, instead of acidtreated eggs (See the chapter by R. De Santis, this volume). We are planning to follow this track. kD 1 2 3 250 105 75 ..... 70kD 50 30 - Fig. 2. SDSIPAGE analysis of the acid extracts of the vitelline coat. Total proteins from VC (Iane 1), proteins remaining in VC after acid extraction (Iane 2) and extracted proteins by acid treatment (Iane 3).
Dev Biol 166:489-501 Goudeau M, Goudeau H (1993) In the egg of the ascidian Phallusia mammillata, removal of external Ca2+ modifies the fertilization potential, induces polyspermy, and blocks the resumption of meiosis. Dev Biol 160: 165-177 Honegger TG (1986) Fertilization in ascidians: Studies on the egg envelope, sperm and gamete interactions in Phallusia mammillata. Dev Biol 118: 118-128 Hoshi M, Takizawa S, Hirohashi N (1994) G1ycosidases, proteases and ascidian fertilization. Seminars in Dev Biol 5:201-208 Lambert CC (1986) Fertilization-induced modification of chorion N-acetylglucosarnine groups blocks polyspermy in ascidian eggs.