By P. Somasundaran & Dianzuo Wang
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5 atm, calculations for the closed systems are relatively tedious. A computer program is developed for calculating the activities of various dissolved species from available thermodynamic data, taking into consideration the effects of other dissolved species and solid phases in equilibrium with the system. Figs. 4b show the distribution of various species as a function of pH for the closed and open systems, respectively. The marked effect of atmospheric CO2 on the solubility of calcite can be seen by comparing the data in these diagrams.
8. 7b (Continued) Compound Solvent T (◦ C) a-Monocaprin a-Monolaurin a-Monomyristin a-Monopalmitin a-Monostearin n-C12 H25 (OC2 H4 )2 OH n-C13 H27 (OC2 H4 )6 OH − n-C8 H17 NH+ 3 · C2 H5 COO − · C H COO n-C8 H17 NH+ 2 5 3 − n-C8 H17 NH+ · C H COO 7 3 3 + n-C8 H17 NH3 · C3 H7 COO− − n-C8 H17 NH+ 3 · C5 H11 COO − · C H COO n-C8 H17 NH+ 5 11 3 + n-C8 H17 NH3 · C8 H17 COO− − n-C8 H17 NH+ 3 · C8 H17 COO − · C H COO n-C8 H17 NH+ 11 23 3 + n-C8 H17 NH3 · C13 H27 COO− − n-C8 H17 NH+ 3 · C13 H27 COO − n-C4 H9 NH+ · C H COO 2 5 3 − n-C4 H9 NH+ 3 · C2 H5 COO − · C H COO n-C6 H13 NH+ 2 5 3 − · C H COO n-C6 H13 NH+ 2 5 3 + n-C8 H17 NH3 · C2 H5 COO− − n-C8 H17 NH+ 3 · C2 H5 COO − n-C10 H21 NH+ · C H COO 2 5 3 + n-C10 H21 NH3 · C2 H5 COO− C6 H6 C6 H6 C6 H6 C6 H6 C6 H6 C6 H6 C6 H6 C6 H6 CCl4 C6 H6 CCl4 C6 H6 CCl4 C6 H6 CCl4 C6 H6 C6 H6 CCl4 C6 H6 CCl4 C6 H6 CCl4 C6 H6 CCl4 C6 H6 CCl4 – – – – – – – 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 – – – – – – – – Aggregation number 42 73 86 15 11 34 99 5±1 3±1 3±1 4±1 3±1 5±1 3±1 5±1 7±1 3±1 3±1 4 3 7 7 5 5 5 4 Reference Debye (1958) Debye (1958) Debye (1958) Debye (1958) Debye (1958) Becher (1960) Becher (1960) Fendler (1973a) Fendler (1973a) Fendler (1973a) Fendler (1973a) Fendler (1973a) Fendler (1973a) Fendler (1973a) Fendler (1973a) Fendler (1973a) Fendler (1973a) Fendler (1973a) Fendler (1973b) Fendler (1973b) Fendler (1973b) Fendler (1973b) Fendler (1973b) Fendler (1973b) Fendler (1973b) Fendler (1973b) a Commercial material.
Wiley-Interscience, Hoboken, pp. 113–120, 122– 137; 1978 ibid. , 1978. See Rosen, 2004. , 1977. S. ). Academic Press, New York, p. 106. , 1964. J. Phy. Chem. 68, 12. , 1976. Int. J. of Miner. Process. 3, 35. , 1979a. L. ), Solution Chemistry of Surfactants, vol. 2. Plenum Press New, York, pp. 777–799. , 1979b. Trans. Indian Inst. Metals 32 (2), 177–191. , 1968. Trans. AIME 241, 102. , 1984. J. Coll. Inter. Sci. 99 (1), 128–138. , 1972. Solution Equilibria in Analytical Chemistry. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, London.