Solidarity in Europe: The History of an Idea by Steinar Stjernø

By Steinar Stjernø

How has team spirit been outlined, and the way has it replaced from the early nineteenth century till this present day? This distinct quantity systematically compares the numerous various conceptions of this valuable political inspiration held via Europeans during the last centuries. It covers social and political concept, Protestant and Catholic social ethics and an research of the way social democratic, Christian democratic, communist and fascist events in so much ecu nations have seen harmony.

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Prelude: from fraternity to Charles Fourier and Pierre Leroux If there is a precursor for the term solidarity, it is the concept of fraternity or brotherhood, which points to the close relations and the feelings of belonging that exist within the family and extends this understanding to other voluntary associations and groupings. The history of this concept begins when a relationship between people outside the family is referred to by analogy as a relationship between brothers. According to Solidarity in classic social theory 27 the Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe, the concept of fraternity was occasionally used in the ancient Greek and Roman worlds, but played a more significant role in the early Christian era.

On the other hand, in the new industrial society that was developing the division of labour was also a source of disorganisation. It could not be considered the foundation of the unity between human beings (Cingolani 1992). These were aspects of the division of labour that Durkheim would elaborate on fifty years later. The third integrative mechanism for Comte was the religion of humanity – a common set of values and ideas. Only this could produce personal unity and integrate reason and feeling within each individual, and create social unity between individuals.

Durkheim 1984 (1893)). Durkheim believed that the new organic solidarity of modern society would develop only if certain conditions were met. The division of labour would only produce solidarity if it were allowed to develop spontaneously. For Durkheim, this meant that all that prevented the free development of individual talents and abilities must be altered. The distribution of social functions should correspond to the distribution of natural abilities, and no obstacle should prevent an individual from obtaining a position commensurate with his talents.

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