By David R. Murray
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Additional info for Seeds of Concern : The Genetic Manipulation of Plants (CABI Publishing)
Sample text
This is what happened with the Showa-Denko attempt to enhance tryptophan production by a genetically modified bacterium in 1989. The gene governing production of a toxic amino acid was unwittingly transferred. The result was a contaminated tryptophan supplement that killed 37 people and left at least 1500 with permanent disabilities. 3 The oft-repeated claim that only a single gene is being transferred has to be set against the knowledge that vectors or constructs used to transfer a desired gene always include several genes.
1 This can act to the advantage of the original manufacturer. A guaranteed obsolescence, timed to coincide with the expiry of patents, would give no advantage to copycat manufacturers. September 2000 was the significant date for the expiry of patent protection of glyphosate. This was supposed to be a herbicide that could be sprayed without eliciting resistant genotypes in the target weed populations. But in the late 1990s, several examples of glyphosate-resistant annual rye-grass (Lolium rigidum) were identified.
E. dicotyledons), whereas many grasses and cereals (monocotyledons) were tolerant. 2,4-D and related compounds upset normal growth and development patterns by mimicking the plant hormone auxin (indoleacetic acid), leading to membrane disturbances and the collapse of overly extended cell walls. At suitably low concentrations, 2,4-D can be used as an auxin analogue in media formulated for plant tissue culture. 18,19 Variously substituted methylureas and dimethylureas form one large group. These compounds act primarily by interfering with the lightcapturing reactions of photosynthesis.