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Extra info for Schaum's Outline of Biology (4th Edition) (Schaum's Outlines Series)
Sample text
Denatured proteins generally lose their enzymatic activity and may demonstrate dramatic changes in physical properties. This demonstrates the importance of conformation in the properties of a protein. 32 CHAPTER 3 The Chemistry of Life: The Organic Level Fig. 3 An uncatalyzed reaction requires a higher activation energy, Ea, than does a catalyzed reaction. DG represents the amount of energy released in the chemical reaction and is the same in both catalyzed and uncatalyzed reactions. Many proteins are intimately attached to nonprotein organic or inorganic groups to form conjugated proteins.
The potential energy of the initial state is greater than that of the final state, so this reaction will tend to occur spontaneously, much as a stone atop a hill will tend to roll down. Although an exergonic reaction will tend to occur, it may require an activation process for its initiation, just as a stone must be pushed over the edge of a hill before it can begin its descent. The role of enzymes in initiating reactions or in altering reaction velocities is discussed in Chap. 3. A mathematical analysis may be helpful in fully understanding the concept of an exergonic reaction.
3 An uncatalyzed reaction requires a higher activation energy, Ea, than does a catalyzed reaction. DG represents the amount of energy released in the chemical reaction and is the same in both catalyzed and uncatalyzed reactions. Many proteins are intimately attached to nonprotein organic or inorganic groups to form conjugated proteins. Among such nonprotein (prosthetic) groups commonly encountered are carbohydrates (glycoproteins), lipids (lipoproteins), and such specialized compounds as the heme portion of hemoglobin.