Prostate Cancer: Shifting from Morphology to Biology by Massimo Mascolo, Daniela Russo, Gaetano De Rosa (auth.),

By Massimo Mascolo, Daniela Russo, Gaetano De Rosa (auth.), Stefania Staibano (eds.)

The target of this e-book might be to give a contribution to the schooling of a brand new iteration of specialists in urology, molecular biology, pathology and oncology, supplying them adequate wisdom in simple and translational learn to be fluency within the net of interacting networks taking part in a job in prostate melanoma improvement, development, metastasis and drug-resistance.The quantity will disguise the newest leading edge researches in prostate melanoma, with specific emphasis to the cutting-edge research applied sciences which are crucial for the actual id of molecular objectives for affliction prognosis, molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis, markers for susceptibility, molecular-based prognostic prevision, characterization of biomarkers of drug efficacy and drug resistance, validation of latest therapeutics and diagnostics. present developments at the intersecting facts touching on transcriptomes, proteomes, the molecular recommendations referred as "omes", should be stated and discussed.

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It is most commonly seen in the peripheral zone, but it can be observed also in the central and the transitional zone. It is generally characterized by glands lined by secretory cells showing a marked reduction in cytoplasm and hyperchromatic nuclei. At low magnification, this finding, especially due to prominent acinar architecture and cytoplasmic basophilia, can be misdiagnosed as a low-grade PCa. However, atrophy lacks nuclear and nucleolar enlargement. The spectrum of atrophic conditions can be divided into those conditions related or not to pharmacologic or surgical androgen withdrawal.

In a recent study evaluating the expression of several potential PCa markers, an increase in the levels of GOLPH2 was found (Kristiansen et al. 2008; Laxman et al. 2008). The DAB2 interacting protein (DAB2IP; diagnostic marker) is a RasGTPaseactivating protein that acts as a tumor suppressor. The human DAB2IP gene has frequently down-regulated in PCa cell lines (Chen et al. 2003). 3 Tissue Biomarkers Basal cell markers represent, undoubtedly, the immunohistochemical cornerstone of PCa diagnostics.

Furthermore, approximately 20 % of HG-PIN shows the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion gene abnormality, which is also observed in approximately 50 % of PCa (Mosquera et al. 2008). Elevated expression of p16, p53, Bcl-2, and MYC can be seen in both HG-PIN and PCa. 1 and p27 genes in both HGPIN and PCa has been described (Montironi et al. 2011b). Proliferative index and apoptosis show a trend to increase from normal through HG-PIN to PCa (Ananthanarayanan et al. 2006). 4 Atypical Small Acinar Proliferation (ASAP) ASAP is not a histopathological entity, but mainly a diagnostic term, which identifies the presence of a small foci of atypical glands with features highly suggestive but not convincing for a definitive diagnosis of PCa (Fig.

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