MicroRNAs: From Basic Science to Disease Biology by Krishnarao Appasani, Sidney Altman, Victor R. Ambros

By Krishnarao Appasani, Sidney Altman, Victor R. Ambros

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are RNA molecules, conserved through evolution, that keep watch over gene expressions and their contemporary discovery is revolutionising either simple biomedical learn and drug discovery. Expression degrees of MiRNAs were chanced on to alter among tissues and with developmental phases and as a result review of the worldwide expression of miRNAs possibly offers possibilities to spot regulatory issues for lots of assorted organic techniques. This wide-ranging reference paintings, written by means of prime specialists from either academia and undefined, can be a useful source for all these wishing to take advantage of miRNA thoughts of their personal examine, from graduate scholars, post-docs and researchers in academia to these operating in R&D in biotechnology and pharmaceutical businesses who have to comprehend this rising expertise. From the invention of miRNAs and their services to their detection and function in affliction biology, this quantity uniquely integrates the elemental technological know-how with program in the direction of drug validation, diagnostic and healing improvement. Forewords through: Sidney Altman, Yale college, Winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1989 and Victor R. Ambros, Dartmouth clinical university, Co-discoverer of MicroRNAs

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Elegans. Cell, 57, 49–57. Ambros, V. and Horvitz, H. R. (1984). Heterochronic mutants of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Science, 226, 409–416. , Bartel, D. P. et al. (2003a). A uniform system for microRNA annotation. RNA, 9, 277–279. , Lee, R. , Williams, P. , and Jewell, D. (2003b). MicroRNAs and other tiny endogenous RNAs in C. elegans. Current Biology, 13, 807–818. , Culotti, J. G. and Hedgecock, E. M. (1998). daf-12 regulates developmental age and the dauer alternative in Caenorhabditis elegans.

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The siRNA can be considered as a duplex form of miRNA in which the RNA molecule contains both miRNA and its reverse complement. Therefore, one may consider siRNAs as a kind of miRNA precursor. MiRNAs suppress gene expression based on their complementarity to a part of one or more messenger RNAs (mRNAs), usually at a site in the 30 -UTR. The annealing of the miRNA to the target mRNA inhibits protein translation. In some cases, the formation of dsRNA through the binding of miRNA triggers the degradation of the mRNA transcript through a process similar to RNAi, though in other cases it is believed that the miRNA complex blocks the protein translation machinery or otherwise prevents protein translation without causing the mRNA to be degraded.

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