Mesozoic fossils of the Peruvian Andes by Knechtel M. M., Richards E.F., Rathbun M.V.

By Knechtel M. M., Richards E.F., Rathbun M.V.

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Klevernic, I. , Stafford, M. , and Cohen, P. (2006) Characterization of the reversible phosphorylation and activation of ERK8. Biochem J 394, 365–73. 130. Abe, M. , Kahle, K. , Saelzler, M. , Dixon, J. , and Rosner, M. R. (2001) ERK7 is an autoactivated member of the MAP kinase family. J Biol Chem 276, 21272–9. 131. Kuo, W. , Duke, C. , Abe, M. , Kaplan, E. , and Rosner, M. R. (2004) ERK7 expression and kinase activity is regulated by the ubiquitin-proteosome pathway. J Biol Chem 279, 23073–81.

More importantly, this region of the ERK5 seems to exhibit intrinsic transcriptional activity, which was shown to activate Nur77 gene by binding to the MEF2 site of this gene, making the ERK5 a unique dual activity protein that, unlike other MAPKs, catalyzes two independent activities (126). The MAP Kinase Signaling Cascades: A System of Hundreds of Components 6. MAPK-Like, CascadeIndependent Protein Kinases 21 The MAPKs described above share a common mechanism of activation, which involves a multi-tiered cascade-induced phosphorylation of Thr and Tyr residues of a Thr-Xaa-Tyr motif within their activation loop.

105. , and Nishida, E. (2006) MAPK signalling: ERK5 versus ERK1/2. EMBO Rep 7, 782–6. 106. , and Ito, T. (2007) Structure and function of the PB1 domain, a protein interaction module conserved in animals, fungi, amoebas, and plants. Sci STKE 2007, re6. 107. , Tapping, R. , Watson, M. , Ulevitch, R. , and Lee, J. D. (1998) Bmk1/Erk5 is required for cell proliferation induced by epidermal growth factor. Nature 395, 713–6. The MAP Kinase Signaling Cascades: A System of Hundreds of Components 108. , Chao, T.

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