By Thomas D. McGee (auth.), Henry M. Otte, Saul R. Locke (eds.)
The demanding situations of house exploration are a superb stimulus to our applied sciences this day. improvement of profitable aerospace courses has required the easiest efforts of the scientist and engineer in virtually each self-discipline. now not goodbye in the past, it actually can be acknowledged that designers try to improve tomorrow's cars with yesterday's fabrics. regrettably, we discover that the location is still approximately an identical at the present time. the aim of this convention was once to spot fabrics, proces ses, and strategies that exhibit the best capability in destiny house expertise and to outline the distance among project specifications and fabrics program. Of the various homes of fabrics, the only within which the biggest hole among primary realizing and sensible program looks to exist is the mechanical estate, really of crystalline fabrics. The emphasis on crystalline fabrics is a normal one. it's those fabrics that are used basically while calls for are put on mechanical power, particularly at increased temperatures. the arrival of house exploration calls for the usage of fabrics in environments and below stipulations which are a problem to the resourcefulness and ingenuity of the scientist and engineer. The scientist can, as a result prior thirty years' paintings, relate mechanical houses to the formation, movement, and interplay of person crystalline defects, reminiscent of vacancies, interstitials, and dislocations. in addition, he can, by way of managed instruction of his fabrics, confine his experiences to these instances within which the focus of crystal defects is very easily low.
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Extra info for Materials Science Research: Volume 2 The Proceedings of the 1964 Southern Metals/ Materials Conference on Advances in Aerospace Materials, held April 16–17, 1964, at Orlando, Florida, hosted by the Orlando Chapter of the American Society of Metals
Example text
McGEE IV. SUMMARY Some of the theoretical aspects of grain boundaries in ceramic materials have been reviewed. The presence of grain boundaries may control such properties as ductility, internal friction, strength, creep, magnetic behavior, polarization, conductivity, transparency, and thermal emission. V. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The support of the U. S. Army Research Office (Durham) is gratefully acknowledged. REfERENCES 1. S. Amelinckx and W. " in Solid State Physics, Advances in Research and Applications, Vol.
R. W. VEST. AND H. C. GRAHAM gists. The role of these defects in ceramic materials is now receiving increasing attention, but these studies have been hampered by inherent complexities that generally do not arise in the study of metals. In addition to the obvious presence of a greater variety of defects, both cation and anion vacancies, interstitials, and impurities, one has to consider carefully deviations from stoichiometry induced by oxidation or reduction of the material and the ionization steps producing the various charged defect species and finite concentrations of electrons and holes.
W. VEST. AND H. C. 3 -8 at J' ~ ~ ~ ~ -10 If A b- \', \', D< ' . . . -12 lbl Sample ZCS-6 2 -4 100 200 \ \ \ ,, I I : O'e»O'j 00'(0) 00'(00) ,, \, . 4 T Fig. 5. 8Sas a function of temperature. Fe203, cold pressing, and firing at 1750°C in air for 6 hr. Results of a spectrographic analysis of ZCS-6 are given in Table II. Since aluminum is not a transition metal, its effect on the electrical properties should be small relative to that of the chromium, vanadium, and iron. Figure 5a is a plot of both the zero and infinite time conductivities of sample ZCS-2 as a function of temperature at an oxygen partial pressure of 10- 9 atm.