By Yonat Keshet, Rony Seger (auth.), Rony Seger (eds.)
Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase (MAPK) cascades are key signaling elements that govern basically all mobile tactics evoked via any form of stimulation, and it's been good verified that the malfunctioning of those cascades results in numerous illnesses together with melanoma, autoimmunity, and diabetes. In MAP Kinase Signaling Protocols, moment version, specialist researchers absolutely replace the preferred first version the major strategies utilized in the research of MAPK signaling cascades in a variety of mobile contexts. This thorough quantity explores crucial themes reminiscent of activation and serve as of elements of the MAPK signaling cascades, the research of MAPK cascades as transmitters of membranal receptor indications, structure-function relationships of MAPKs, experiences at the rules of MAPK cascades, using decrease organisms, animal versions, and human genetics within the research of MAPKs, in addition to the examine of MAPKs in particular structures and illnesses. Written within the hugely winning equipment in Molecular Biology™ sequence structure, chapters contains introductions to their respective topics, lists of the mandatory fabrics, step by step, easily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips about troubleshooting and keeping off identified pitfalls. entire and state of the art, MAP Kinase Signaling Protocols, moment version goals to facilitate the research of MAPKs and make allowance for faster development in our wisdom of many important mobile procedures in addition to devastating diseases.
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Klevernic, I. , Stafford, M. , and Cohen, P. (2006) Characterization of the reversible phosphorylation and activation of ERK8. Biochem J 394, 365–73. 130. Abe, M. , Kahle, K. , Saelzler, M. , Dixon, J. , and Rosner, M. R. (2001) ERK7 is an autoactivated member of the MAP kinase family. J Biol Chem 276, 21272–9. 131. Kuo, W. , Duke, C. , Abe, M. , Kaplan, E. , and Rosner, M. R. (2004) ERK7 expression and kinase activity is regulated by the ubiquitin-proteosome pathway. J Biol Chem 279, 23073–81.
More importantly, this region of the ERK5 seems to exhibit intrinsic transcriptional activity, which was shown to activate Nur77 gene by binding to the MEF2 site of this gene, making the ERK5 a unique dual activity protein that, unlike other MAPKs, catalyzes two independent activities (126). The MAP Kinase Signaling Cascades: A System of Hundreds of Components 6. MAPK-Like, CascadeIndependent Protein Kinases 21 The MAPKs described above share a common mechanism of activation, which involves a multi-tiered cascade-induced phosphorylation of Thr and Tyr residues of a Thr-Xaa-Tyr motif within their activation loop.
105. , and Nishida, E. (2006) MAPK signalling: ERK5 versus ERK1/2. EMBO Rep 7, 782–6. 106. , and Ito, T. (2007) Structure and function of the PB1 domain, a protein interaction module conserved in animals, fungi, amoebas, and plants. Sci STKE 2007, re6. 107. , Tapping, R. , Watson, M. , Ulevitch, R. , and Lee, J. D. (1998) Bmk1/Erk5 is required for cell proliferation induced by epidermal growth factor. Nature 395, 713–6. The MAP Kinase Signaling Cascades: A System of Hundreds of Components 108. , Chao, T.