By B. C. Trivedi, B. M. Culbertson (auth.)
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Extra info for Maleic Anhydride
Example text
2-5) came into use in 1970. It uses a C 4 fraction as a feed and hence can use n-butane or n-butenes containing butadiene and isobutylene. ation. ( 66 ' 681 Cheap raw material produced from large-scale naphtha cracker can be used. Furthermore, the hydrocarbon/air ratio can be higher than the explosive limits since a fluidized bed is used. Since the latter operates at near isothermal conditions, catalyst life is increased. -'--T"' AIR OXIDATION ABSORPTION DEHYDRATION PURIFICATION Fig. 2-5. Mitsubishi Chemical process.
2) Even when benzene was a coal-derived chemical, it was abundant. With the development of the petrochemical industry, benzene was available in larger quantities at lower prices. As a result it became a more attractive raw material. However, the petrochemical industry has in recent years made C4 hydrocarbons available. There is stoichiometric advantage in using C 4 hydrocarbons over benzene since in the latter two carbons or one-third of the molecule is wasted. 9lb of MA. This intrinsic advantage of C4 -hydrocarbon-based raw material has shown greater activity for MA production in recent years.
Hydrogen sulfide was reported to react only in the presence of a base: A very rapid reaction occurred and no 1: 1 addition product 25 was isolated. It was proposed that 25 reacted faster with MA than hydrogen sulfide to give 26. Attempted MA reaction with H 2 S reportedly yielded a tar like product following a rapid reaction. ,( 511 Esters of maleic also undergo similar addition <52 ' 53 ) with sodium alcoholate or amine as a catalyst. Thioglycolic acid 27 also adds to disodium maleate giving quantitative yields of the tricarboxylic acid derivative 28.