By Bernhard Rieger, Lisa Saunders Baugh, Smita Kacker, Susanne Striegler
Even a few fifty years after their discovery, transition metals have misplaced none in their fascination. using complicated compounds in those parts has not just revolutionized synthesis within the laboratory, yet has additionally ended in them enjoying an immense function in lots of commercial functions. every year, thousands of lots of plastics are produced around the globe and, by way of various the ligands within the catalytically lively compounds, the homes of the ensuing polymers may also be adapted to be used. For this function, sandwich compounds from early transition metals were universal formerly, yet curiosity has targeted more and more at the overdue transition metals. during this e-book, the world's top authors from learn and talk about the most recent advancements in study into palladium, zinc, iron and nickel catalysis. In so doing, they systematically introduce readers to the fundamental rules and illustrate how those cutting edge catalysts could be successfully used for polymerizations. the result's a terrific reference paintings, worthwhile for each natural chemist operating in catalysis or polymer study.
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Extra resources for Late Transition Metal Polymerization Catalysis
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Int. Ed. Engl. 1990, 29, 235; c) W. Keim, F. H. Kowaldt, R. Goddard, C. Krüger, Angew. Chem. 1978, 90, 493; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1978, 17, 466. a) K. A. Ostoja Starzewski, J. Witte, Angew. Chem. 1985, 97, 610; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1985, 24, 599; b) US 4 537 982 (to Bayer AG); EP 0 101 927 (priority 3. 8. 1982, CA 1984, 100:175519 m). K. A. Ostoja Starzewski, L. Born, Organometallics 1992, 11, 2701. K. A. Ostoja Starzewski, J. Witte in: Transition Metal Catalyzed Polymerizations – Ziegler Natta and Metathesis Polymerization.
Such catalysts revealed a polymerization behavior that is in between its symmetric analogues and enabled for the first time the synthesis of ethene/propene copolymers only by using ethene as starting compound. Thereby, the influence of the bulky imine substituents plays a decisive role for the polymerization behavior [22 c, 39 a, c]. Molecular modeling results suggest that bulky substituents which occupy the space along the z-axis retard the rate of chain transfer reactions [39 a, c, 40, 41]. We were able to show that the molecular weight of the isolated products is in direct relation to the substitution pattern of the ligand [42].
8). The results are consistent with a model of polyacetylene sidechains on the matrix polymer backbone. While the mechanistic origin of the proposed graft reaction is unknown, a CH activation of a bond geminal to the polar substituent could explain the range of polymers accessible by this novel synthetic route. Other polymers which also contain acrylonitrile units, such as styrene–acrylonitrile copolymers, are useful matrices. The latter solutions have an opaque appearance which hints at a different folding and association/micelle-forming behavior.