By G.H. Bourne, J.F. Danielli, K.W. Jeon (Eds.)
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1972). Furthermore, it was postulated that this chalone antagonist must be a mitotic stimulant which promotes cell replacement and is in balance with the chalone. The action of catecholamines and glucocorticoids may be explained by assuming that the adrenaline inhibits the action of the chalone antagonist, and that hydrocortisone suppresses its production and accounts for the slower action of the chalone antagonist. An interesting question was to determine the mechanism(s) of action of the chalone at different stages of the cell cycle.
Chemically, the M factor is probably a protein or glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 20,000 to 40,000, stable at low pH, and resistant to pepsin but destroyed by trypsin. The S factor has an apparent molecular weight of 100,000, is rich in carbohydrates and sialic acid, and appears to be resistant to heat and proteolytic digestion (see Section 11,G). The inhibitory effect of mammalian spleen extracts on homologous neoplastic growth has been claimed for many years by clinicians and basic researchers (see Section 11,H).
The adsorption of the serum onto a large number of cells eliminated the cytotoxicity, and this was associated mainly with inactivation of C‘2 and C’4 complement components. The fact that heatinactivated human serum could not be reactivated with fresh guinea pig serum indicates that the toxic substances were not related to hemolytic activity of the complement. Since the extraction of lipids from serum eliminates its activity, there is a strong possibility that the activity may be associated with the lipoprotein fraction.