By World Bank
Innovation--in all its forms--and really technological innovation in recent times has develop into a vital driving force for spurring development, improving competitiveness, and lengthening social health in all economies of the area. Innovation could be understood in a extensive and various experience together with not just the production of recent wisdom and expertise and the difference of current ones, yet much more importantly, the diffusion and use of applied sciences, items, approaches, and practices that are new in a given kingdom context – a definition that's fairly suitable for low- and medium- source of revenue nations. Innovation coverage, by way of its very nature, is an inter- or multi-departmental coverage, touching coverage parts as complementary and diversified as schooling and coaching, abilities improvement, technological know-how and expertise, the company setting, ICT and different infrastructure (e.g. logistics). This guidebook for that reason inevitably attracts upon a huge and diverse set of coverage components as resources of information and competence so that it will offer a holistic dialogue of innovation coverage. It bargains a huge methodological framework into which involved coverage making groups can layout, conceive and enforce coverage measures tailored to their context. The framework would supply a few primary rules that could then be utilized and customised for particular conditions. on the way to foster a coherent and systemic method of the layout of innovation coverage, this e-book integrates the research and knowledge from policy-related departments that typically are likely to paintings in silos and who have to interact for having a universal, appropriate and effective figuring out of innovation coverage. In gentle of a key factor in low and medium source of revenue international locations is the resistance of innovation structures to major advancements, this e-book additionally addresses the relatives among innovation coverage and associations.
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Additional resources for Innovation Policy: A Guide for Developing Countries
Example text
Therefore, the role of governments is to facilitate this process by • • • • supporting innovators through appropriate incentives and mechanisms, removing obstacles to innovative initiatives, establishing responsive research structures, and forming a creative and receptive population through appropriate educational systems. 4). These four generic functions are detailed in part two. Moreover, the government can intervene in areas of particular importance. In industrialized countries, for example, large-scale programs have targeted defense, space, and health, among others.
Regulations on access to technologies should be less stringent for developing countries, which cannot maintain costly protection systems or afford high licensing fees. Open-source regimes are also better adapted to the evolution and use of new technologies in software, genetic engineering, and related fields. Chapter 5: Strengthening the Research and Development Base in Developing Countries Developing countries should focus their research efforts on what has already been accomplished and take good advantage of it.
They tend to be spontaneous developments resulting from business initiatives. Governments, however, can play a decisive role as “brokers” by setting frameworks for dialogue and cooperation and developing incubating and training instruments. Cities are becoming critical platforms for innovative activities and competitive centers in the global economy (World Bank 2008b). Essential to their success are a strong identity and a clear strategy for exploiting a comparative advantage or for creating it by attracting a critical mass of talent, while mitigating the factors that negatively affect their attraction as centers of innovation.