By Michael W. Gray, John M. Archibald (auth.), Ralph Bock, Volker Knoop (eds.)
The previous decade has witnessed an explosion of our wisdom at the constitution, coding skill and evolution of the genomes of the 2 DNA-containing mobile organelles in vegetation: chloroplasts (plastids) and mitochondria. Comparative genomics analyses have supplied new insights into the foundation of organelles by means of endosymbioses and exposed an important evolutionary dynamics of organellar genomes. moreover, they've got significantly helped to explain phylogenetic relationships, specially in algae and early land crops with restricted morphological and anatomical range. This ebook, written via best specialists, summarizes our present wisdom approximately plastid and mitochondrial genomes in all significant teams of algae and land crops. it is usually chapters on endosymbioses, plastid and mitochondrial mutants, gene expression profiling and strategies for organelle transformation. The e-book is designed for college kids and researchers in plant molecular biology, taxonomy, biotechnology and evolutionary biology.
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Nedelcu Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada Kathleen J. Newton Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Jörg Nickelsen Molekulare Pflanzenwissenschaften, Biozentrum LMU München, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany Volker Knoop Abteilung Molekulare Evolution, Institut für Zelluläre und Molekulare Botanik, Universität Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany Karen N. Pelletreau Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA B.
Archibald C. How Did It Happen? represent contemporary examples of the sort of primitive eukaryote that might have served as host to an a-proteobacterial symbiont, which would subsequently become the mitochondrion. In recent years, the archezoan scenario has been substantially weakened by two key findings. , Inagaki et al. 2004). These long-branch sequences cluster at the base of eukaryotic phylogenetic trees, closest to the outgroup (prokaryotic) sequences used to root the trees. Microsporidia, for example, are now known to be evolutionarily degenerate fungi rather than ‘earlybranching’ eukaryotes (Hirt et al.
Overall, the mitochondrial proteome has proven to be surprisingly malleable, a situation that is mirrored by the picture emerging from investigations of the plastid proteome in photosynthetic eukaryotes. lular algae such as diatoms (Mereschkowsky 1905; Martin and Kowallik 1999). Mereschkowsky developed the concept of symbiogenesis – the evolution of new life forms from the amalgamation of two separate organisms – which was championed and rendered ‘mainstream’ by Margulis (1970) as the endosymbiont hypothesis for the evolution of mitochondria and plastids.