By o. Univ. Prof. Dr. med. Margit Pavelka, Prof. Dr. med. Dr. sc. Dr. h. c. Jürgen Roth (auth.)
This atlas of practical ultrastructure offers a close perception into the advanced constitution and association of cells and tissues, highlights particular mobile and tissue features, and the dynamics of various intracellular procedures. hugely informative electron micrographs are complemented through explanatory texts, chosen references and schemes. the idea that subcellular organelles give you the structural beginning for basic methods of dwelling organisms is emphasised. the 1st half covers the mobile organelles and alterations as a result of experiments or taking place lower than pathological stipulations. the second one half illustrates via chosen examples rules of useful tissue association and regular adjustments due to experimental induction or pathological occasions.
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Extra info for Functional Ultrastructure: Atlas of Tissue Biology and Pathology
Example text
Depending on the class of proteins synthesised, polysomes either reside "freely" in the cytoplasm ("free polysomes") or bind to membranes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER, "bound polysomes"). The latter process is receptor-mediated and guided by a signal peptide, which is part of all proteins to be synthesised at the RER. Panels A and B show details of cells extensively involved in synthesis of secretory proteins. The basal cytoplasm of a pancreatic acinar cell shown in panel A contains densely packed flat RER-cisternae forming a cellular compartment called ergastoplasm ("busy plasma").
A cascade of caspase-rnediated cleavage processes takes place causing dramatic cellular changes, which give rise to the characteristic morphological apoptosis patterns. The cells loose plasma membrane asymmetry and surface differentiations and round up. DNA-fragmentation leads to a chromatin hypercondensation and a kind of"explosion" of the cells results in the appearance of "apoptotic bodies': which are phagocytosed by surrounding cells. Panel A shows typical apoptotic bodies originating from human lymphocytes undergoing programmed cell death following irradiation.
F • .. r . ': .. , . ,. • 0° : '. , " . . . ' : . ;-- :. ' "0 .... :: '. '. " . ' . . ;. :- " .. '~ . ': ° . : r ' .. '. J. : ," . " 't'" • ' .. " . :. .. '. : ~ . ,. 1····: . • • •. t: ~ ", . ' ? . ,. 0 . . : . ",. : 0 ;, .. \ . " -; . ' o. '. • •• .. " . f. : ". .. ' , ' . : ",' ~ ', ' . " ... ;! .. 0 , r ' • ..... '1. ',,: . .. The Cytoplasm: The Secretory System 26 ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM OF DINOFLAGELLATES Although the various organelles of mammalian cells are in the focus of this book, it should be noted that unicellular organisms have provided invaluable information about the biogenesis, molecular structure and function of various cellular organelles, since their principles have been found to be phylogenetically highly conserved.