By Bruce A. Thyer
Entire guide of Social paintings and Social Welfare, quantity 2: The occupation of Social paintings beneficial properties contributions from major foreign researchers and practitioners and offers the main entire, in-depth resource of data at the box of social paintings and social welfare.
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Extra info for Comprehensive Handbook of Social Work and Social Welfare, Volume 2: Human Behavior in the Social Environment
Sample text
Though Elder acknowledges the social constraints on these choices, he also believes that human decision plays a role in the occurrence and sequencing of life events. Individuals’ ability to select and construct their environment impacts their trajectory and indeed represents a key way to conceptualize reciprocity. Timing of lives refers to influences of both historical time and the social timing of developmental and social transitions and normative and nonnormative events across the life span. Timing is thought to be as important as, if not more important than, the occurrence of an event.
Patterns within and across individuals generally can be discerned retrospectively, generally through longitudinal methods. Finally, key concepts in Elder’s framework are quite broad and need elaboration. Acknowledging the diversity of individual trajectories and their complex interplay with larger social forces, we employ three general strategies. First, for each life phase, we focus on a single, highly salient life course principle. Second, we identify a set of plausible sources of turning points and of structural constraints.
More recently, Thyer (2001) documented fundamental misunderstandings about research processes unique to formal theory testing and a tendency toward the overvaluation of theory building in relationship to other research endeavors that support the development of social work practice. It is notable that these sources of tension within social work stand in marked contrast to recent appraisals of knowledge development within the professions of education and nursing. In general, these appraisals reflect a shared understanding of (a) the current state of the relevant knowledge base, (b) the types of theory building and integration necessary to further the profession, (c) critical areas for research, and (d) strategies that focus on particularly promising midrange theories that promote linkages to practice (Committee on Scientific Principles in Education Research, 2001; McKenna, 1997).