By Trebsdorf M.
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1972), and Coggin and Anderson (1974). Another property of cells after transformation is an increase in agglutinability by plant lectins, proteins and glycoproteins that bind specific saccharide determinants (for review, see Nicolson, 197Aa; Burger, 1973; Lis and Sharon, 1973). Aub et al. (1963, 1965a,b) found that a wheat germ (Triticum vulgaris) preparation agglutinated certain transformed cells but not their normal counterparts. Burger and Goldberg (1967) purified the agglutinating activity and characterized the responsible molecule as a lectin, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), that binds to cell surface N-acetyl-n-glucosamine-like residues.
1974; Rozengurt and Jimenez de Asua, 1973). The hypothesis of Pardee et al. (1974) should probably be adapted, therefore, to include other controls of cAMP level or other effectors between a primary membrane change and transport activity. While it is not possible at present to demonstrate a primary cellular change among the many changes found with malignancy, the hypotheses of Holley (1972) and of Pardee et al. (1974) have helped greatly in focusing attention on cell surface changes in cancer.
1970). , 1974b) cell lines. , 1974b; Poste, 1972). 3. Transport Cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic, have specific mechanisms for transporting polar small molecules through the apolar plasma membrane. Without these transport systems, polar nutrients would enter the cell quite slowly, and polar waste products would tend to accumulate (see Oxender, 1972, for a general transport review). Viral transformation of cultured animal cells increases some but not all transport activities in every case examined to date.